Effective English Learning for Preschoolers: Is Method More Important Than Time?

Recent research and practical experience in early childhood education consistently demonstrate that the quality and appropriateness of teaching methods are more crucial than the sheer amount of time spent when it comes to preschoolers learning English as a second language. These studies include:

• "Early Childhood Bilingualism: Perils and Possibilities" (Ellen Bialystok, 2001): Bialystok's research discusses the benefits and challenges of early bilingualism, exploring the importance of both teaching time and quality.
• "The Development of Language" (Jean Berko Gleason & Nan Bernstein Ratner, 2017): Jean Berko’s work provides an overview of how young children develop language, including second language acquisition and the effects of instructional time.
• "Language Development and Education: Children With Varying Language Experiences" (Patsy M. Lightbown & Nina Spada, 2013): This research examines the role of both time and teaching methods in teaching English, presenting specific studies on language development in preschoolers.

These studies collectively focus on factors such as (1) language exposure and (2) teaching methods, helping to compare the effectiveness of each in teaching English to preschoolers. Ms. Karoliina Nygren, Pedagogical Director from HEI Schools (Finland) and Ms. Huyen Nguyen, School Counsellor at HEI Schools Saigon Central (Vietnam) also agree that teaching methods are crucial when it comes to preschoolers learning English. Below are some key considerations for selecting an effective English learning method for children:

1. Quality of Interaction: 

Interactive and purposeful activities are more effective for young learners. Methods that incorporate playful learning—such as singing, storytelling, and natural conversation—not only bring joy but also encourage children to engage in learning actively and organically, far surpassing passive learning techniques.

2. Consistent Daily Learning: 

Short, regular lessons (10-30 minutes) each day are more suited to a preschooler’s limited attention span than longer sessions. The key is to maintain interest, create repetition, and build a steady learning routine. To date, no research has definitively established the optimal duration for preschool language learning.

3. Age-Appropriate Methods: 

Tailoring teaching methods to a child's developmental stage is essential. For instance, using games and vibrant visuals with younger children is far more effective than simple rote memorization.

4. A Strong Foundation in the First Language Supports Learning a New Language:
A solid foundation in the first language is vital in helping children learn a new language, including English. This is based on research in linguistics and cognitive development in young children. Children acquire language through structures and principles that begin with their native language.

When children have a strong foundation in their first language, they are more capable of recognizing grammar rules, vocabulary, and syntax in a new language, as many linguistic rules share structural similarities. For example, children can grasp the subject-verb structure in a new language more easily if they have already mastered it in their first language.

Additionally, communication, critical thinking, and creativity are fostered through the native language, allowing children to apply these skills when learning a new language. Moreover, when children feel confident and competent in their native language, this builds confidence and motivation as they approach a new language.

Learning both languages simultaneously also helps children develop transferable skills between languages, such as comparing and contrasting vocabulary, grammar, and expressions. This strengthens their understanding of both languages, enriching their linguistic foundation and supporting their overall development. Therefore, building a strong native language foundation not only helps children succeed in learning a new language but also contributes to their cognitive, critical thinking, and communication skills for the future.

5. Language Immersion: The natural immersion method—integrating English learning into daily activities, such as naming objects and describing actions—helps children learn vocabulary in real-life contexts. This approach is more effective than simply increasing lesson time through traditional methods.

In summary, exposing preschoolers to English during this critical stage of language development is essential. However, true proficiency is built and refined over many years. While consistent exposure is important, it is engaging, age-appropriate teaching methods that hold the key to helping children effectively absorb a new language.